The relationship between food nutrition, aroma and anti-anxiety

In daily life, work, and study, anxiety often occurs due to excessive stress. However, different people often react differently when facing the same stress. Some people will become more and more courageouswhen they feel stressed and try to solve the problem; while some people will become very depressed and use procrastination to escape. As a result, the problem is not solved and their own stress becomes greater and greater. TiPs for dealing withanxiety include understanding anxiety, healthy living, relaxation techniques, positive thinking, social support, and professional help. Special populations need special attention. If you have any doubts, you should seek medical attention in time.

01 Anxiolytic-like effects of succinic acid: a possible GABA ergic intervention

Abstract

In modern times, physical and mental stress leads to anxiety at an alarming rate. Therefore, there is a realistic need to find new compounds for the treatment of anxiety. This study aims to evaluate the possibility of succinic acid (SUC) in managing anxiety through in vivo and computer studies. To this end, adult male Swiss mice were orally administered SUC (5, 10, 15 mg/kg), followed by several studies such as field tests, swing tests, hole cross tests, and light-dark housing tests. Gaba agonist diazepam (DZP-2 mg/kg) and antagonists such as caffeine (CAF-10 mg/kg) were also studied in combination with the SUC group. Compared with the DZP group, SUC significantly (P < 0.0001) increased the time the animals spent under light, indicating that it may have a relaxing effect on mice. In addition, in silico studies were conducted to understand the interactions between GABAA (α1, β2, and γ2) receptor subunits. In addition, pkCSM and SwissADME online servers were used to examine pharmacokinetic and drug-like properties, and the findings supported SUC as a potential drug candidate. The experiments found that SUC-10 had an anxiety-relieving effect on animals. When used in combination with DZP, the anxiolytic effect of SUC-10 was more significant than when used alone (P < 0.0001), indicating a possible synergistic effect with this commonly used anxiolytic drug. SUC-10 also altered CAF-mediated effects in mice. The study showed that SUC has good interaction ability with GABAA receptor subunits, and SUC-10 exhibited anxiogenic-like effects in Swiss mice. It may act synergistically with DZP and antagonistically with CAFs, possibly through theGABA interaction pathway.

Conclusion

Psychological symptoms of mental illness can affect many aspects of a person's life. The most common stress-related mood disorders that lead to injury and early death include anxiety. Many traditional medicines with neuroprotective properties can be used to treat these diseases. Experimental in vivo studies showed that SUC-10 has anxiety-like effects in experimental animals. The combined use of SUC-10 and DZP also significantly enhanced its anxiolytic effect (P < 0.0001). In contrast, when paired with CAFs, SUC-10 altered the test parameters shown in CAFs. In addition, in silico molecular docking studies showed that SUC interacts with GABAA receptor subunits, especially with GABAA (α1, β2, and γ2). Due to the good drug-like properties and potential anxiolytic activity of SUC, further studies are needed to elucidate the exact molecular mechanism behind its effects.

02 Evaluation of the antidepressant and anxiolytic activity and acute toxicity of Psilocybin mushrooms in mouse experimental models

Abstract

Central nervous system (CNS) diseases can be diverse and often accompanied by comorbidities such as depression and anxiety. Although alternatives such as Psilocybin mushrooms contribute to mental health, no basic research has proven their benefits on the CNS. To explore the anxiolytic, antidepressant-like effects and acute toxicity of Psilocybin mushrooms. The acute toxicity (LD50) of 2000 mg/kg of Psilocybin mushrooms (p.o.) was determined by esophageal (p.o.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration routes; the CNS toxicity in free-moving mice was assessed by rotarod test and electroencephalogram (EEG). After administration of 1000 mg/kg of whole mushrooms or polar water (AQ) or methanol (MeOH) extracts (1, 10, 100 mg/kg) in the open field, maze, and forced swim tests, the anxiolytic (walking or exploratory and rearing behavior) and antidepressant behavioral responses were measured. Comparisons were made with control drugs buspirone (4 mg/kg, i.p.), fluoxetine and/or imipramine (10 mg/kg, i.p.). Chemical analysis of anthraquinone and methanol extracts by UHPLC was performed to detect psilocybin. The results showed that the neurotoxic effects of high doses of mushrooms administered in mice were absent as assessed by the rotarod test or electroencephalographic activity. The LD50 calculated by p.o. or i.p. administration was >2000 mg/kg.

Conclusion

The preclinical pharmacological evidence obtained in this study allowed us to obtain preliminary data from the literature that suggest that the use of Psilocybin mushrooms is safe as a potentially effective alternative for the treatment of anxiety and depression, both central nervous system disorders that affect the quality of life of a large part of the population. The study also reinforces the ancient use of this natural product in folk medicine for mental health treatment. This study has some limitations, including the experimental design and acute treatment. However, future experiments are recommended to explore repeated dosing treatments and therapeutic doses.

03 Cashew nut consumption induces anxiety-like behavior in dyslipidemic rats fed a high-fat diet

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cashew nut consumption on anxiety-like behavior in dyslipidemic rats. The groups formed were: control (CONT), dyslipidemic (DL), and dyslipidemic cashew nuts (DLCN). After the treatment period, tests for the assessment of anxiety parameters were performed and brain fatty acid profiles were analyzed. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were reduced in DLCN compared to the other groups. Cashew nuts are rich in fatty acids, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids, which can reduce anxiety-like behavior induced by dyslipidemic rats without changing brain fatty acids.

Conclusion

This neuroinflammation found in animals fed a high-fat diet may be related to the anxiety-like behavior exhibited by dyslipidemic rats fed a high-fat diet, which were subjected to behavioral tests in an open field and elevated maze. Dyslipidemic rats fed cashew nuts (DLCN) spent more time in the open arms and the center area than the DL or control groups. These findings suggest that the manifestation of anxiety-like behavior is induced by the consumption of cashew starch in DLCN. In the research matrix, it was found that foods rich in bioactive compounds have a positive effect on neurotransmitters found in the brain, such as acetylcholine. When released by the presynaptic neuron, it can bind to the cholinergic receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, which creates a positive charge, specifically allowing Ca2+ to flow into the cell, depolarizing the neuronal membrane, and thus, without affecting brain fatty acids, the consumption of cashew nut flour reversed the anxiety-like behavior exhibited by dyslipidemia rats on a high-fat diet. In the present study, data showed that rats with dyslipidemia, when given a high-saturated fat emulsion, exhibited anxiety-like behavior, which was reversed when the rats consumed cashew nut starch, a source of unsaturated fatty acids and antioxidant compounds.