Fig. 3 shows that BA significantly inhibited acute paw edema evoked by carrageenan injection by topical application. Data from the BA treated animals with the doses of 1.25, 2.5 and 3.75 mg/paw (single application) at different time intervals showed significant difference in the paw edema in comparison to the vehicle treated animals at the same time point. The results of the same doses with double application of BA showed better inhibition of the paw swelling. Similarly, when BA applied 45 min before and 1, 2 and 3 h after carrageenan injection the effect was highly significant than the early two conditions (Fig. 4).

Results of the present study revealed that BA possess a dose dependent antiulcer effect against different experimental models. It showed different degree of inhibition of the ulcer score towards different ulcerogenic agents. The ulcer score against various ulcer inducing agents viz., pyloric ligation, ethanol/HCl, (acute and chronic) acetylsalicylic acid, indomethacin and cold restraint stress, was inhibited by 39%, 38%, 51%, 31%, 37% and 42% respectively at 250 mg/kg.

Monotherapy with boswellic acids (250 and 500 mg/kg/day) caused significant decreases in the weight of EAC solid tumor (≈ 46 and 48 % reduction, respectively) in comparison to EAC control group. Morover, combination of doxorubicin with boswellic acids at different doses (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg/day) produced significant reductions in the mass of EAC solid tumor compared with EAC control group, doxorubicin group as well as boswellic acids corresponding monotherapies (Fig. 1A).

This study investigated the effects of boswellic acid on spatial learning and memory impairment induced by trimethyltin (TMT) in Wistar rats.Treatment with TMT impaired learning and memory, and treatment with BA at a dose of 160 mg/kg produced a significant improvement in learning and memory abilities in the water maze tasks. 

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