Phellinus versicolor has a history of more than 2,000 years in China. The "Shennong's Herbal Classic" records that "Phellinus versicolor belongs to the upper meridian, is slightly cold in nature, non-toxic, and can make the body light and prolong life if taken for a long time." This shows that Phellinus versicolor has a good effect of longevity and anti-aging. However, Phellinus versicolor is really famous in Japan. It is said that after the Pearl Island incident, the islanders who had the habit of eating Phellinus versicolor had a lower probability of cancer. Some studies have found that the inhibition rate of Phellinus versicolor on cancer cells reached more than 90%. Since then, Phellinus versicolor products have sprung up in the Japanese and Korean markets, and the number has increased dramatically. For a time, Phellinus versicolor became a hot Chinese medicine in the market. This trend of Phellinus versicolor application then swept the markets of Asia, Europe, America and Australia, and the world regarded Phellinus versicolor as a good health product.
Phellinus versicolor is currently used in the market not only as a raw material, dietary supplement and daily skin care. The raw material is used for the prevention and treatment of stage I cancer, mainly using the triterpenoid components in Phellinus versicolor, and the dietary supplement is used to improve immunity and beauty powder and tablet products, which mainly use Phellinus versicolor polysaccharides and Phellinus versicolor flavonoids. The water solubility of mulberry ignia triterpenes and mulberry ignia flavonoids is very poor, resulting in low bioavailability. Using I Enzymolysis TechTM technology, the water solubility of mulberry ignia extract can be improved through enzymatic hydrolysis and microencapsulation, and the bioavailability is also improved.
1.Improve immunity
Tab.1 Immune organ indexes of S180 bearing mice in each group after EBPI action (n=x̄±s)
| Groups | Dose/(g·kg-1) | Spleen index(mg·g-1) | Thymus index | Liver index |
| (mg·g-1) | (mg·g-1) | |||
| Control group | - | 8.59±2.12 | 2.79±0.24 | 68.02±4.86 |
| Model group | - | 7.17±1.82* | 2.53±0.74 | 65.03±7.79 |
| CTX | 0.03 | 5.61±1.50* | 2.20±0.30* | 64.97±3.79 |
| EBPI L | 0.5 | 10.92±1.69#∆∆ | 4.29±0.60#∆∆ | 61.98±4.50 |
| EBPI M | 1 | 10.72±3.09#∆ | 4.09±0.50#∆∆ | 66.01±7.69 |
| EBPI H | 2 | 9.57±1.36∆ | 4.63±0.73##∆∆ | 64.78±3.89 |
The results of this study showed that compared with the cyclophosphamide CTX group, the spleen index and thymus index of mice in each dose EBPI group were significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01); compared with the model group, the spleen index and thymus index of mice in the low and medium dose phellinus igniarius EBPI groups were increased (P<0.05), and the thymus index of mice in the high dose EBPI group was significantly increased (P<0.01), and there was no statistically significant difference in spleen index among the groups (P>0.05); compared with the model group, the thymus and spleen indexes of mice in the CTX group were reduced.
2.Extend lifespan
The effect of Phellinus linteus extract on the survival rate of wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans (N2) was observed through lifespan experiments. It was found that different concentrations of Phellinus linteus extract extended the average lifespan and maximum lifespan of nematodes. In particular, the average lifespan of nematodes treated with 25mg/mL SSE increased by 26.41% compared with the control group.
3.Anti-cancer
Fig.3.5 SVP-A-1 inhibited the the cell migration of CRC (n = 6). (A) sw480 and (B) Caco-2 cells.
Fig. 3.6 SVP-A-1 enhanced cell apoptotic rate analyzing via Hoechst 33342 staining. (A) sw480 and (B) Caco-2 cells (n = 6). (200x, Scale bar: 100 μum).
Cell experiments showed that 0.5 and 1 mg/mL of SVP-A-1 could significantly inhibit the cell migration ability of sw480 and Caco-2. Compared with the non-treated group, sw480 and Caco-2 cells treated with SVP-A-1 showed higher fluorescence intensity and shrunken nuclei. The results suggest that SVP-A-1 may induce cell apoptosis, thereby causing CRC cell death.
4. Lower uric acid
After gavage with the alcohol extract and water extract of No. 5 Phellinus igniarius sample, the uric acid value of the SHC group was 106.76 μmol/L, which was about 40.61% lower than that of the M group. The uric acid value of the SHS group was 91.37 μmol/L, which was about 49.17% lower than that of the M group. It can be seen that both the alcohol extract and the water extract have the effect of lowering the uric acid level in the body, and the uric acid-lowering effect of the Phellinus igniarius water extract is better than that of the alcohol extract group.
5. Lower blood sugar
Fig. 3.12 IC50 for α-AI activities of nine SHFs.
The study found that strains S1, S3, and S5 are all mulberry lindera, and their flavonoids are generally stronger in inhibiting α-amylase than other species of lindera (strains S6, S7, S8, and S9). The flavonoids in the fruiting body (SS5) of S5 have a stronger ability to inhibit α-amylase than the flavonoids in the mycelium of the nine strains of lindera, indicating that the flavonoids in the fruiting body have an advantage in inhibiting α-amylase.
